1940election

The United States presidential election of 1940 was fought in the shadow of World War II as the United States was emerging from the Great Depression. Incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR), a Democrat, broke with tradition and ran for a third term, which became a major issue. The surprise Republican candidate was Wendell Willkie, a dark horse who crusaded against Roosevelt's failure to end the Depression and eagerness for war. Roosevelt, aware of strong isolationist sentiment in the U.S., promised there would be no foreign wars if he were reelected. Willkie conducted an energetic campaign and managed to revive Republican strength in areas of the Midwest and Northeast. However, Roosevelt won a comfortable victory by building strong support from labor unions, big-city political machines, ethnic voters, and the traditionally Democratic Solid South.
The subsequent passing of the 22nd Amendment of the United States Constitution in 1947 renders this election the only occasion in American history in which a candidate was elected to a third term as president.

1992 election

The United States presidential election of 1992 had three major candidates:Republican President George H. W. Bush; Democrat Governor Bill Clinton, and independent businessman Ross Perot.

Bush had alienated much of his conservative base by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes, the economy was in a recession, and Bush's perceived greatest strength, foreign policy, was regarded as much less important following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War.

Clinton won a plurality in
the popular vote,
and a wide Electoral
College margin.

ash covering the surrounding country side.

meal tent for evacuees. evacuation center

ash cloud from the volcano in 1991

My Uncle Derek and Aunt Leni were stationed at Clark Air Force Base at the time of the eruption of Mont. Pinatubo. These photos are what they saw as they looked out their window that day. Aunt Leni had to evacate with her three small children, Chichauta, Samantha and Colt. Uncle Derek had to stay at work and help close up the base. Aunt Leni was so worried because she didn't know if Uncle Derek got out of the area to avoid the worst of the eruption. It was several days before she was finally able to get in contact with him. SHe had so many tramatic experience with the evacuation that she wrote a book about it called "In the Shadow of a Sleeping Giant" that she gave to each of her family members.

1989

Here is some information on what happen to the Berlin wall and why was it so important.

The Fall Of The Berlin Wall

Berlin had been politically divided since the end of World War II, with the eastern portion of the city serving as the capitol of German Democratic Republic. The two parts of the city were physically divided in 1961 with the construction of the Berlin Wall, the most visible expression of the Cold War. When the Berlin Wall was opened on November 9, 1989 it marked for many the symbolic end of that war.

Back to The Cold War Chronology

To find the cause of the fall of the Berlin Wall, one must look, not in Germany, but in the Soviet Union. The change began when Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in 1985. He tried to make changes in the state bureaucracy and in the Communist party by restructuring the economy’s production and distribution system, a plan now known as perestroika. In addition, Gorbachev also allowed for the policy of glasnost, or public criticism of the communist party. Gorbachev’s reform contributed to the breakup of the centralized structure of the USSR. During this time some states such as Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania declared their independence. In 1989, Gorbachev shifted his policies toward the satellite states of the communist block in Eastern Europe, including Germany.

In effect, the politics in Germany also began to lead toward the destruction of the wall. In the fall of 1989, there was an antigovernment demonstration in East Germany. In mid-October 1989, the Politburo forced the resignation of Erich Honecker, the leader of the GDR (German Democratic Republic). In this way, Erich Honecker was ousted from office, and others soon followed. By the first week of November, the entire Politburo and all of the members of the East German cabinet resigned. The new Prime minister, Hans Modrow, announced plans to decentralize the economy and an easing of travel restrictions. This allowed the East Germans, from the communist sector, to cross the boarder into the west, the Allied sector.

At this point, East Germany began to reform. Then on November 9, 1989, the leader of the East Berlin communist party, Gunter Schabowski, announced that the boarder with West Berlin would be opened for "private trips abroad." Masses of people started to use hammers and chisels to knock out pieces of the wall. Shortly thereafter, on November 10, 1989 and later on December 22, 1989 checkpoints were opened at Potsdamer Platz and the Brandenberg Gate. On March 18, 1990, free elections in East Germany took place for the first time in 58 years. By July 1, 1990, the wall tumbled down and Germany was completely united. As a result, a massive emigration from East to West began, which has left economic and emotional scars that can only be healed by the hard work and understanding of generations to come. But on the day that the wall fell will stand out in all of history, as a day when friends and family and an entire nation were reunited, while tears of joy were being shed by all.

The Guide Through The Wall

The system of the Berlin Wall at the end of the 70s

From right to left:

1 - East Berlin
2 - Border area
3 - Backland Wall
4 - Signal fence
5 - Different kind of barriers
6 - Watch towers
7 - Lighting system
8 - Column track
9 - Control track
10 - Anti-vehicle trenches
11 - Last Wall, known as the "Wall"
12 - Border
13 - West Berlin

The whole border area was on the territory of East Berlin/East Germany. The border between East and West Berlin was after the last Wall. This last Wall is known as the Berlin Wall. However, the Berlin Wall was a complex system of walls, fences, watchtowers and barrieres The area between the Backland Wall (3) and the Last Wall (11) was the so-called death strip.
The document is an original document of the East German border troops.
I only added the numbers and West/East Berlin into the document.
Thanks to Hagen Koch for the copy of the this document.

1988 election

1987

their advertisement for the lenses.

In 1987 the first disposable contact lens wear invented. They were manufactured from glass and fitted to cover the entire eye. wear as now a days they only cover part of the eye. These were soft contact lens. To the right is a sample set of ten 'Spofa' soft contact lenses (c.1987), Types D and D6, each lens within a white plastic fluid-filled single lens container. The containers feature colour-coded bands and label surrounds (dark blue for positive, orange for negative). This sample set has been made up for the museum by the Wilens Company of the Czech Republic and comprises lenses from several production lots.

1986

In 1986 the song of the year was ."That's What Friends Are For" by Dionne Warwick and Friends. Here is the song sung by Dionne Warwick but presented in this video in the movie fox in the hound pictures and the lyrics.

1985

In 1985, MDMA/Ecstasy received massive media attention when a group of people sued the US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) to try to prevent them from outlawing the drug by placing it on Schedule 1. The US Congress had passed a new law allowing the DEA to put an emergency ban on any drug that it thought might be a danger to the public. On July 1st 1985, this right was used for the first time to ban MDMA.
A hearing was held to decide what permanent measures should be taken against the drug. One side argued that MDMA caused brain damage in rats, the other side claimed this might not be true for humans and that there was proof of the beneficial use of MDMA as a drug treatment in psychotherapy. The residing judge after weighing the evidence, recommended that MDMA be placed on Schedule 3, which would have allowed it to be manufactured, used on prescription, and subject to further research. However, the DEA decided to place MDMA permanently on Schedule 1.

1985 discovery of the titanic

Discovery of the Titanic

An underwater exploration research began on September 1, 1985 with the discovery of the sunken ship the Titanic by investigators and crew aboard the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). The Titanic was found in more than 12,400 feet of water. It was first photographed by the new deep-towed sonar and video camera system Argo, under development in the Institution's Deep Submergence Laboratory (DSL). Additional 35-mm photographs were taken by ANGUS (Acoustically Navigated Geological Underwater Survey), another towed vehicle developed at the Institution and used on a number of major science programs since the mid-1970s. The discovery of Titanic was a joint French-American effort begun earlier in the summer of 1985 with a cruise aboard the French research vessel Le Suroit to test France's new sonar system, SAR (System Acoustique Remorquè).

Year of the Sinking

On the morning of April 15, 1912, the sinking of the Titanic the previous night shocked the world. The year had dawned bright with promise and the maiden voyage of the Titanic was a symbol of the advances mankind had made in the last few years.

The ship was considered to have been so well constructed it was believed she could sustain any amount of damage and still remain afloat. Late on the night of April 14, 1912, the sinking of the Titanic proved this idea wrong in a horribly tragic way.
The causes of Titanic to sink have been the subject of much study and debate. Obviously, the instigating factor was the collision with the iceberg; however the question of 'how did it sink' is frequently the center of most questions regarding the Titanic.

In 1912 the sinking of the Titanic began late on the night of April 14th. Information on the sinking Titanic indicates that the ship approached a massive iceberg, and although efforts were made to steer clear of the large frozen mass, all efforts were to no avail. Sadly, further records of the Titanic accident history indicate that the Titanic disaster may very well have been able to have been completely avoided had officers on ship paid heed to reports received earlier regarding the frozen waters they were approaching.

SOS Aboard the Titanic

Even though crew members were desperately trying to turn the ship in the other direction, when the ship collided with the berg a massive rip was torn parallel across the ship's bulk. The Titanic sinking began almost immediately, as the ship began to take on water.

Surprisingly, many of the passengers remained unaware of this fact. Some passengers reported hearing and feeling a strange quivering in the ship; however, they did not attribute this to any potential problem and went on about their business.

Others had seen the iceberg has it passed their window and hurriedly donned dressing gowns and robes, anxious to discover whether or not they had truly hit the berg. At first, passengers were assured that there would only be a slight delay and were given no indication of the true severity of the situation.

Passengers located at strategic points in the ship already knew the devastating truth however: the Titanic was sinking and sinking fast. An SOS was sent out to neighboring ships. The Carpathia picked up the ship's distress call and radioed back to let the ship's crew know they were on their way. It would be too late, however. By the time the Carpathia arrived, all that remained of the Titanic was a handful of lifeboats filled with shocked survivors.

Since the ship sank to her watery grave, almost one hundred years ago, a number of theories have been put forth to explain how in the year of 1912 the sinking of the Titanic could have occurred. Some theories suggest that had the ship's crew not attempted to turn the ship in the opposite direction of the iceberg and instead took the blow head-on, the collision would not have resulted in such catastrophic disaster.

1984

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom came out. Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is a 1984 adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg. It is the second film in the Indiana Jones franchise and prequel to Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981). After arriving in India, Indiana Jones is asked by a desperate village to find a mystical stone. He agrees, stumbling upon a Kali Thuggee religious cult plotting child slavery, black magic and ritual human sacrifice.

1984 election

results of election.

The United States presidential election of 1984 was a contest between President Ronald Reagan, the Republican candidate, and former Vice President Walter Mondale, the Democratic candidate. Reagan was helped by a strong economic recovery. Reagan carried 49 of the 50 states, becoming only the second presidential candidate to do so after Richard Nixon's victory in the 1972 presidential election. Mondale's only electoral votes came from the District of Columbia, and his home state of Minnesota—which he won by a mere 3761 votes, meaning Reagan came within less than 3800 votes of winning all fifty states. Reagan's 525 electoral votes is the highest total ever received by a presidential candidate. Mondale's 13 electoral votes is also the 2nd-fewest ever received by a second-place candidate.

1983

Have you ever wonder when cell phones came out and what they look like. Will I can tell you they look nothing like they do now. They were huge and first came out in 1983 by the company motoral.

1982 first artificial human heart transplant

Dr. Barney Clark and the Jarvik-7

The Very first artificial human heart was transplanted in 1982. The term "artificial heart" has often inaccurately been used to describe ventricular assist devices also known as VADs, which are pumps that assist the heart but do not replace it. An artificial heart is also distinct from a cardiopulmonary bypass machine also known as CPB, which is an external device used to provide the functions of both the heart and lungs. CPBs are only used for a few hours at a time, most commonly during heart surgery. Artificial hearts date back to the mid-1950s. Although Dr. Paul Winchell first requested the patent of an artificial heart, it was designed by Robert Jarvik a physician. He called it the Jarvik 7.

In 1982, a Seattle dentist, Dr. Barney Clark, at the age 61, was the first person to receive the heart transplant with the Jarvik 7. An artificial heart is intended to last a lifetime. The surgery was performed by William De Vries, an American surgeon.

"It has been hard, but the heart itself has pumped right along." Quoted the patient Barney Clark.

Creator of the Jarvik-7, Dr. Robert Jarvik is now working on the Jarvik 2000, a thumb-sized heart pump. "This came from the understanding that people want a normal life and just being alive is not good enough." Quoted Dr. Robert Jarvik.

The surgery was performed in Salt Lake City at the Utah Medical Center in 1982. Clark's new heart, known as a Jarvik-7, kept him alive for 112 days after the operation. Surgeons placed the new heart in Clark's chest. But in order for it to work, it had to be constantly supplied with compressed air from a large pump at the patients bedside also the replacing of an organ such as the heart with a human-made copy, is extremely hard. In 1990, officials decided that operations of this type would stop until an improved artificial heart could be developed.

1981- air traffic strike

On August 3, 1981 nearly 13,000 of the 17,500 members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) walked off the job, hoping to disrupt the nation's transportation system to the extent that the federal government would accede to its demands for higher wages, a shorter work week, and better retirement benefits. At a press conference in the White House Rose Garden that same day, President Reagan responded with a stern ultimatum: The strikers were to return to work within 48 hours or face termination. As federal employees the controllers were violating the no-strike clause of their employment contracts. In 1955 Congress had made such strikes a crime punishable by a fine or one year of incarceration -- a law upheld by the Supreme Court in 1971. Nevertheless, 22 unauthorized strikes had occurred in recent years -- by postal workers, Government Printing Office and Library of Congress employees, and by air traffic controllers who staged "sick-outs" in 1969 and 1970.
The controllers argued that they deserved these higher wages due to the highly stressful nature of their very important work. The federal government balked at these budget-busting demands of more money for less work, well aware that other federal employees were likely to take action to improve their lot if PATCO succeeded. The FAA made a $40 million counteroffer which included a shorter work week and a 10 percent pay hike for night shifts and those controllers who doubled as instructors. Nonetheless, 95 percent of PATCO's membership rejected the final settlement. The FAA began work on a contingency plan that would go into effect if a strike occurred.
Designed to take place during the busiest time of the year for airlines, the strike threatened major carriers like Braniff, Eastern, American and TWA, who reported losses of $30 million a day during the strike. These companies had been counting on a summer surge in business to offset losses due to fare and route deregulation which had spurred the growth of new, smaller carriers that effectively competed with the giants. Concern grew regarding the extent to which the strike would impact business and the economy. Airlines employed 340,000 people and revenue losses due to the strike forced some to resort to layoffs and management wage cuts. The fresh fruit, fresh flower and fresh fish markets depended on swift air transport, as did other industry in need of spare parts, health care services for blood supplies, and the financial system for paper fund transfers. But other businesses prospered thanks to the strike -- among them Trailways and Greyhound, the Amtrak rail service, and car rental agencies, as travelers sought alternate means of transportation.
To the chagrin of the PATCO strikers, and the surprise of nearly everyone else, the FAA's contingency plan functioned smoothly, minimizing the strike's effects. Approximately 3,000 supervisors joined 2,000 non-striking controllers and 900 military controllers in manning airport towers. The FAA ordered airlines at major airports to reduce scheduled flights by 50 percent during peak hours for safety reasons. Nearly 60 small airport towers were scheduled to be shut down indefinitely. Air Line Pilots Association members diminished the risk of an "aluminum shower," as controllers euphemistically called an air accident. Before long, about 80 percent of airline flights were operating as scheduled, while air freight remained virtually unaffected.

Reagan stressed that he derived no satisfaction from sacking the controllers. He pointed out that he was the first president to be a lifetime member of the AFL-CIO. And he was aware that PATCO had been one of the few unions to support his presidential bid. "I supported unions and the rights of workers to organize and bargain collectively," he wrote in his memoirs, " but no president could tolerate an illegal strike by Federal employees."

1980 election

1980 was the year ronald reagan was elected president. After compaiging against Jimmy Carter. Ronald won by a landslide. Republicans won control for the first time in 28 years. The populary was called the "reagan revolution." He had 489 electoral votes where jimmy only had 49 votes. One of Ronald Reagan famous quotes is "Government is not the solution for our problems, government is the problem."

1979 MAsh

MASH IS A SHOW I WOULD WATCH WITH MY GRANDPA PETER BEFORE HE DIED AND HE WOULD TELL ME STORIES THAT THE SHOW WOULD REMIND HIM OF. THIS SHOW BEGAN IN 79 AND MY GRANDPA SAID IT WAS POPULAR BECAUSE IT WAS THE END OF THE WAR AND HERE WAS A SHOW SHOWING WHAT IT WAS LIKE DURING WAR. I REALLY LIKE THIS SHOW BECAUSE IT BROUGHT ME AND MY GRANDPA REALLY CLOSE.

1978-grease

Grease is a 1978 American musical film directed by Randal Kleiser and based on Jim Jacobs' and Warren Casey's musical, of the same name. The star of the show was John trevolta and Olivia Newton John which was a little austrailan girl.

1977-apple computer 2 on sale

Released: April 1977

Price:US $1298 with 4K RAM
US $2638 with 48K RAM

CPU:MOS 6502, 1.0 MHz

RAM:4K min, 48K max

Display:280 X 192, 40 X 24 text
6 colors maximum

Ports:composite video output
cassette interface
8 internal expansion slots

Storage:generic cassette drive
external 143K floppy (1978)

OS:Woz Integer BASIC in ROM

1976 election

Gerald Ford and Jimmy carter campaign against each other in the 1976 presidential election. Was followed after president Richard Nixon resigned after the Watergate scandal. President Gerald Ford, the Republican candidate, against the relatively unknown former governor of Georgia, Jimmy Carter, the Democratic candidate. Ford was saddled with a slow economy and paid a political price for his pardon of Nixon. Carter ran as a Washington outsider and won a narrow victory. He was the first president elected from the Deep South.

1975-Patti Hearst

Patti Hearst Becomes Most Wanted and is Arrested for armed robbery. this girl was a rich girl that is believed to have been kidnapped then brainwashed to join the sides of the group that has kidnapped her.

they also had covers in maganize of warnings.

1974-calculators

Have you ever wonder when everyone started getting a calculator for math or bills. Will calculators started showing up in stores in 1974. They were called pocket calculators. These calculators were not as advanced as the ones we have today. they only show the simple things like plus, mineces, multiplication, and division.

1973- world trade center

World Trade Center in New York becomes the tallest building in the world. The original World Trade Center was designed by Minoru Yamasaki in the early 1960s. Groundbreaking for the World Trade Center took place on August 5, 1966. The North Tower was completed in December 1970 and the South Tower was finished in July 1971. The Tower was also know as the twin towers. But was attacked in September 11 2001. Both buildings collapsed within two hours, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others. At 8:46 a.m., American Airlines Flight 11 was crashed into the World Trade Center's North Tower, followed by United Airlines Flight 175 which hit the South Tower at 9:03 a.m. 2,973 victims and the 19 hijackers died as a result of these attacks.